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Time-energy and time-entropy uncertainty relations in dissipative
quantum dynamics
Gian Paolo Beretta
abstract: We derive exact relations and general inequalities that extend the usual
time-energy uncertainty relations from the domain of unitary Hamiltonian
dynamics to that of dissipative dynamics as described by a broad class of
linear and nonlinear evolution equations for the density operator. For
non-dissipative dynamics, by using the Schroedinger inequality instead of the
Heisenberg-Robertson inequality, we obtain a general exact time-energy
uncertainty relation which is sharper than the usual Mandelstam-Tamm-Messiah
relation $\tau_F\Delta_H\ge \hbar/2$. For simultaneous unitary/dissipative
dynamics, the usual time-energy uncertainty relation is replaced by a less
restrictive relation that depends on the characteristic time of dissipation,
$\tau$, and the uncertainty associated with the generalized nonequilibrium
Massieu-function operator which defines the structure of the dissipative part
of the assumed class of evolution equations. Within the steepest-entropy-ascent
dissipative quantum dynamics of an isolated system introduced earlier by this
author, we obtain the interesting time-energy and time-entropy uncertainty
relation $(2\tau_F\Delta_H/ \hbar)^2+ (\tau_F\Delta_S/k_B\tau)^2 \ge 1$. We
illustrate this result and various other inequalities by means of numerical
simulations.
- oai_identifier:
- oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0511091
- categories:
- quant-ph
- comments:
- 12 pages + 4 figures, revised, added more sections and numerical
illustrations
- arxiv_id:
- quant-ph/0511091
- created:
- 2005-11-09
- updated:
- 2006-03-29
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